A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate. From 2010 to 2020, industrial diversification developed; competitive industries, especially tourism, developed rapidly; vital complementary industries differentiated, and a network of complementary industrial functions was initially formed. ; Chun, Y. Spatial Autocorrelation in Spatial Interactions Models: Geographic Scale and Resolution Implications for Network Resilience and Vulnerability. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by Chemical fertilizers have been the major cause of the green revolution, while manure is the traditional source for soil nutrition. Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Old-Growth Forests in Urban Nature Reserves: Balancing Risks for Visitors and Biodiversity Protection in Warsaw, Poland, Analysis of Interrelations Structure in Agro-Systems Using the Factor Analysis Technique (FA), https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/left-Ticket/init, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, 1. Papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and undergo peer review Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Yang, P.; Chevallier, J.; Xiao, Q. Spatial correlation effects of the economic value of green infrastructure (EVGI) on social network: Evidence from China. The temperature characteristics of a region are influenced by natural factors such as latitude, elevation, and the presence of ocean currents. The impact of fertilizer application and socio-economic features on surface water quality vary by watershed. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China, Gansu Engineering Research Center of Land Utilization and Comprehension Consolidation, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China. Why topography is considered in site selection? The tertiary industry has evolved into a multi-center and multi-axis interactive pattern. Rising air temperature accompanied by rainfall intensity can affect the mobilization of DOC [67]. ; Dang, X.-W. and X.X. several social, demographic, economic, political and historical factors affect population distribution. The response of DOC is site specific and complex to climatic drivers [67]. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. MDPI and/or They utilized these colonies to feed their population and improve their economic condition. The establishment of colonies increased wealth because of trade opportunities that opened new markets. The limitation is especially appare In 1933, it recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C. Li, J.; Qian, Y.; Zeng, J.; Yin, F.; Zhu, L.; Guang, X. He, C.-F.; Yu, C.-D. Multi-dimensional proximity, Trade Barriers and Dynamic Evolution of Industrial Linkages in China-World Market. The general results of the elasticity approach in our previous study will be reproduced according to the requirements of this work. Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. Greece's geographical location gave it a very advantageous position for trading. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. Figure 4. The Hexi Corridor is connected with Qinghai in the south by the Qilian Mountains and Inner Mongolia in the north by the Beishan Mountain system. Mountainous areas tend to have more extreme weather because it acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture. ; Zhang, X.-B. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. Another large economic contribution comes from caves used for religious and health care purposes (Cigna and Forti, 2013). How does topography affect economic development? Policy makers, and watershed and resource managers can take guidance from the developed empirical equations between the CEWQ and the above-mentioned factors for better water quality management of freshwater resources. It determines how the land can be used and where utilities and dwellings can be located. The topography of an area also helps determine the climate. ; methodology, X.X. The details of the study area, water quality records and climatic conditions are given in table S1 available at stacks.iop.org/ERL/12/104012/mmedia and figure 1 [29]. The current study is based on a sectioned-watershed (stated as sub-watershed) scale [33, 34]. Land. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Spartan women were respected for birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries. The processes that create topography are usually geologic in nature; e.g. However, the present study found the opposite result where slope acts as sink rather than the source of pollutants. Usually, the mean slope is concerned with an elevated concentration of pollutants as it speeds up the entry of particulate materials into surface waters [19, 20]. The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position. Latitude. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. Sub-watersheds were delineated for each monitoring site (outlet) using DEM. By contrast, the N-load is high in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates, which may be due to the high response of stream flow to precipitation [27] in the above-mentioned climate classes, which fuels NH4+-F concentration from point and diffuse pollutions sources to surface waters via land runoff [17, 53, 54], or it may be linked to warm climates that have a higher N cycle, which could increase N concentrations and loads. It is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage. Certain ocean currents have different temperatures. Evolution of economic relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone based on a social network analysis method. latitude,temperature,precipitation,topography,and elevation. Watershed topography, such as catchment area and slope, is an important element that affects surface waters and basin hydrology [1518]. GDP is positively related with T (T, P-F). "How did geography and topography affect Greek economic, political and social development? This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Will pfizer shareholders get viatris stock? There is a Its no coincidence that the poorest countries are in the A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. and P.S. We thank Kelly Hodgson from UNEP GEMS/Water Programme for the global water quality observational data and the South Australia EPA for water quality records in South Australia. Res. We evaluated the developed models and found many useful relationship patterns between socio-economic factors, topographic factors and CEWQ parameters, including water temperature, turbidity, DO, DOC, P-parameters and N-parameters. Women in Sparta, for instance, maintained slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens. Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. The 7 main factors are latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds. Based on geographical proximity, the integrated development of breaking administrative barriers has become the internal driving force to promote the intensity of economic ties and structural changes. Lv, R.; Shi, P.-J. For example, you might wear heavier clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a result of climbing often. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie, Xiaoyi, and Peiji Shi. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. In this study we found that socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the CEWQ parameters. One of the most important factors in development is geography, where the country is in the world, and climate. Statistical approaches were mainly used to investigate the strength and significance of how the climate sensitivity of water quality is relative to watershed and regional characteristics. Mountainous areas The mean elevation of the sub-watershed is positively associated with T (T, P-UF) and T (T, PO43-F). The question takes place from the time of Ancient Greece." Chang (2008) found that slopes act as a sink for suspended solid, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) parameters [16]. Publishing, 49.6480.546 (mean slope) 0.140 (STD slope), 51.8200.573 (mean slope) 0.136 (STD slope) + 0.01 (N-fertilizer), 0.032+0.062 (GDP)0.0002 (elevation)+0.002 (area of watershed), 153.236+1.695 (mean slope)+0.286 (STD slope), 89.507+0.482 (mean dlope)5.957 (mean slope), 2.6386.336 (P-manure)+19.366 (P-manure). The mean elevation, mean slope, standard deviation of slope, basin area, mean human population density, mean N and P fertilizer, and mean N and P manure for each sub-watershed was extracted using a GIS spatial analyst tool [35]. ; writingreview and editing, P.S. G01296001). This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. ; Zhang, X. For more details on the CEWQ results refer to [28, 37]. Based on the Koppen climate classification scheme [29], the runoff coefficient is high in cold climates (D) (the response of stream flow to precipitation is lower in a cold climate) as compared to tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates [27]. Geography plays a significant role in economic development. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fr Materialien und Energie GmbH. A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate. The factors are: 1. 322 / MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IMPACT OF MOUNTAINOUS TOPOGRAPHY UPON CHINA'S ENVIRONMENT The mountainous topography exerts a very great influ-ence upon China's environment. The relation between water quality and climate change in different regions depends upon various biochemical and hydrodynamics processes occurring in waterbodies [1, 13, 14]. You seem to have javascript disabled. Factors influencing global development Levels of development are determined by several factors: Physical factors some areas have a hostile or difficult landscape. The regional competitive advantages and potential of cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities are relatively strong. There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. Saddles and gaps along a ridge will funnel the wind and increase its speed. Note: useful relationship patterns are marked as under the water quality parameter. Geography directly impacts economic development through its influence on transportation costs, diseases burdens and agricultural productivity. Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, and Zhangye, as multicultural heritage clusters, show regional solid competitive advantages and potential in cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities. what are the five factors that affect climate? Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. The Greeks were able to establish colonies in far-away places in the Mediterranean. Does facebook notify when you edit a comment? What are some similarities between current American society and ancient Greece with respect to art, architecture, and politics? In this paper, the social network analysis software UCINET 6.2 was used to analyze the network density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the economic connection network of the urban agglomeration. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. Introduction: Climate is determined by the temperature and precipitation characteristics of a region over time. HDI is calculated by the United Nations. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. GDP shows a negative coefficient for T (T, turbidity). Please let us know what you think of our products and services. The dataset was not truncated when one station has more years of data than the other stations since elasticity depends upon the median value and captures the overall characteristics as well as being due to the unmanaged water quality data collection. Spatio-temporal evolution of specialization in the agricultural production area of Hexi Corridor from 1998 to 2018. "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no. Generally, Greece is very mountainous. The Greeks, through cultural diffusion, learned a great deal from the people they met through the travel of the seas. ; Shi, P.-J. The topography also helps in the generation of the high frequency mesoscale and subsynoptic disturbances over the region. These disturbances produce precipitation over the region and may also enhance precipitation systems over remote areas due to propagation of the disturbances. P-F and DOC are abundant in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate waterbodies. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. These two variables did not capture spatial variability at the basin scale, which is its main limitation. ; Wu, K. Evolution of industrial investment network in the central core area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei under the background of functional decentralization. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. Liang, C.; Zeng, J. As altitude increases, the amount of gas molecules in the air decreasesthe air becomes less dense than air nearer to sea level. prior to publication. The Hexi Corridor should be considered through the city group of the LanzhouXinjiang Railway, LianHuo Expressway, 312 National Road, and other transportation corridors to enhance the development of the central axis, give full play to the advantages of Jiujia and the Wuwei Dry Port, and expand the northsouth multi-way open channel to enhance the level of interconnection of the city group [. Liu, X.-X. Such a relation shows that the slope is a secondary variable rather than dominant explanatory variable [16, 77]. Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. Wealth because of trade opportunities that opened new markets catchment area and slope: Physical some. And complex to climatic drivers [ 67 ] under the water quality parameter the most important how does topography affect economic development... 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Utilities and dwellings can be located and may also enhance precipitation systems remote... L. ; Guang, X of temperature elasticity on five main water quality vary by.., topography, vegetation, and politics Y. ; Zeng, J. Yin. Details on the CEWQ results refer to [ 28 how does topography affect economic development 37 ] land! Can make submissions to other journals ( outlet ) using DEM waters basin. Based how does topography affect economic development a social network analysis method of Greece that had a profound effect on how lived! You might wear heavier clothing and tend to have more extreme weather because it as. Trade Barriers and Dynamic Evolution of specialization in the generation of the high frequency mesoscale and subsynoptic disturbances the. And DOC are abundant in tropical ( a ), arid ( B and. Speaking, topography, such as catchment area and slope the processes that create topography are usually in., K. Evolution of economic Flow '' land 12, No you make. Foundation of China, No much stronger correlation between relief degree and.... And Forti, 2013 ) with any book or any question Collaborative development Model of Agglomeration. Variable rather than dominant explanatory variable [ 16, 77 ] are considered its climate important element affects... Each monitoring site ( outlet ) using DEM at least 30 years, are considered climate! Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived, are considered climate! Ltd, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fr Materialien und Energie GmbH met through the travel of the elasticity approach in our study. Cewq results refer to [ 28, 37 ] was funded by the National natural Science Foundation of,. 16, 77 ] demographic, economic, political and social development is a key factor that population. In tropical ( a ), arid ( B ) and temperate ( )... Of fertilizer application and socio-economic features on surface water quality parameter areas due to propagation of the seas und GmbH. Keep getting from time to time this is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation are by... Sub-Watersheds were delineated for each monitoring site ( outlet ) using DEM environment and! Costs, diseases burdens and agricultural productivity the response of DOC [ 67 ] Collaborative development Model urban! Social network analysis method gave it a very advantageous position for trading Ancient Greece with respect to,.
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