Of all the reasons to learn a language, study or work abroad, migrate permanently to another country, jobs for language learners, cultural aspects, and learning as a hobby are primary motivators. In the 13th and 14th centuries Saadi, Rumi and Hafez perfected the ghazal, lyrical poems but filled with passion. Dhimmis in the Muslim Court: Legal Autonomy and Religious Discrimination. And Rumis Masnavi is considered one of the most beautiful Persian literary works, if not of all Islamic writings. The film provides clues as to [] In 2000, Galatasaray cemented its role as a major European club by winning the UEFA Cup and UEFA Super Cup. Although the Tulip period ended with the Patrona Halil uprising, it became a model for attitudes of Westernization. Parvin Etesami was a Persian poet in 20th century in Iran. Edirne (Adrianople) was the Ottoman capital between 1365 and 1453, when Istanbul (Constantinople) became the new capital, and it is here that we witness the final stages in the architectural development which culminated in the construction of the great mosques of Istanbul. It can be observed that various regions of the Ottoman Empire contain bits and pieces of the vast Ottoman dishes. Outside of the Garip and kinci Yeni movements, a number of other significant poets such as Fazl Hsn Dalarca, Behet Necatigil and Can Ycel also flourished. TEHRAN An Iranian-Turkish crew has completed production of "Infinite Territory", a documentary film scrutinizing the influence of Persian culture and literature on Anatolia. Christmas is known in Turkish as Noel, although the majority of the Turks do not celebrate it as such, the idea is not thoroughly an alien one. The traditional, introverted manner of the society began to change. The Turkish community is often exceptionally generous, attending to those in need very quickly. The men's national basketball team finished second in Eurobasket 2001; while Efes Pilsen S.K. The Sogdians, international merchants of long standing with numerous trading colonies along the silk route, needed the military power of the Turks. [citation needed], In the ninth century a new Persian language emerged as the idiom of administration and literature. The institutions stabilized Islamic society into a form that would persist, at least in Western Asia, until the twentieth century. History of tile (glazed brick), manufacture and decoration in Iran, goes back to the prehistoric period. The Grand Mosque of Bursa was the first Seljuk mosque to be converted into a domed one. The Rstem Pasha Mosque, Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, Ibrahim Pasha Mosque, and the ehzade Mosque, as well as the trbes (mausoleum) of Suleiman the Magnificent, Roxelana and Selim II are among Sinan's most renowned works. The Islamic moral imagery that survived in informal relations emerged as the model of ideology expressed in its most political form in the Islamic revolution of Iran and in the Islamic idealism of the Afghanistan mujahedin resistance movement.[31][32][33]. [14] Turkey's top teams include Fenerbahe, Galatasaray and Beikta. The Taj Mahal was commissioned by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. In the year 1072 AD, Omar Khayyam documented the most accurate year length ever calculated a figure still accurate enough for most purposes in the modern world. [4] Thereafter, the liberalization of the economy and the shift towards export-led growth,[5] paved the way for the private sector to become the leading influence on architecture. The Quinary (Five Treasures-Panj Ganj) includes the five Persian books of Nezami: Makhzan al-Asrar, Khosrow o Shirin, Layli o Majnun, Eskandar Nameh and Haft Paykar. But Khayyam is best known for his work as a poet. Behzad is the most famous of Persian miniature painters. The Ottomans patronized Persian literature for five and a half centuries and, because Asia Minor was more stable than eastern territories, they attracted great numbers of writers and artists, especially in the sixteenth century. The European powers encroached into the Turco-Persian region, contributing to the political fragmentation of the region. [11] Fatih Akn was nominated for the Golden Palm and won the Best Screenplay Award at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival; as well as the Golden Orange at the 2007 Antalya Film Festival; the Lino Brocka Award at the 2007 Cinemanila Film Festival; the Best Screenwriter award at the 2007 European Film Awards; the Best Direction, Best Screenplay and Outstanding Feature Film awards at the 2008 German Film Awards; the Best Feature Film and Best Screenplay awards at the 2008 RiverRun Film Festival; the 2008 Bavarian Film Award; and the Lux Prize by the European Parliament, with the film The Edge of Heaven. The Sogdian language functioned as lingua franca of the Central Asian silk routes. It is known as Bride of the Calligraphy Scripts. Farsi, the official language of Iran, is historically one of the most prominent languages of the Middle East and extended regions. The Tanzimat reforms of 18391876 brought changes to the language of Ottoman written literature and introduced previously unknown Western genres, primarily the novel and the short story. They are not medieval Islamic ideals, but important ideological traditions that survived an era of great change, and now are used to interpret the problems of contemporary times. During the Abbasid period the Persian influence upon Arabic literature had grown considerably. Many of these traditions were initially brought together by the Ottoman Empire, a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state spanning across Central Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Explicitly opposing themselves to everything that had gone in poetry before, they sought instead to create a popular art, "to explore the people's tastes, to determine them, and to make them reign supreme over art". The Mughals dominated India from 1526 until the eighteenth century, when Muslim successor states and non-Muslim powers of Sikh, Maratha, and British replaced them. To some extent, the movement can be seen as bearing some of the characteristics of postmodern literature. The 'folk poetry' as indicated above, was strongly influenced by the Islamic Sunni and Shi'a traditions. In the north, where horticulture is tantamount, the carpets are woven to represent Persian gardens. 2. the world ( cihan; 'lem) the rosegarden ( glistan; glen) "The work of Iranians can be seen in every field of cultural endeavor, including Arabic poetry, to which poets of Iranian origin composing their poems in Arabic made a very significant contribution. The Edebiyyt- Cedde (New Literature) movement began with the founding in 1891 of the magazine Servet-i Fnn (Scientific Wealth), which was largely devoted to progress (both intellectual and scientific) along the Western model. Much like African Americans and Japanese can be Christian, Persians and Arabs can be Muslim. Cultural affairs were marked by characteristic pattern of language use: New Persian was the language of state affairs and literature; New Persian and Arabic the languages of scholarship; Arabic the language of adjudication; and Turkic the language of the military.[16]. Persian classics in the form of poetic texts and historical treatises found an increasingly appreciative audience among the Ottoman and Mughal officials and other functionaries and intermediaries. The major language in Iran, former Persia, is Farsi. The second, in Persian, is called Ghalami a technique where several colors are painted onto one tile with a brush. Another revolution in Turkish poetry came about in 1941 with the publication of a small volume of verse preceded by an essay and entitled Garip (meaning both "miserable" and "strange"). Nastaliq Mir Ali Tabrizi was a distinguished Iranian calligrapher in the 14th century. Other important novelists of this period were Ahmet Hamdi Tanpnar and Ouz Atay. Golden dates the first Turkic-Iranian interaction to the mid 4th century, the earliest known periods of the Turkic history. [citation needed], Peter B. Arabic belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family, Persian is an . The Boustan is entirely in verse and consists of stories illustrating the standard virtues such as justice, liberality, modesty and contentment. [11] Other important films of Akn, such as Kurz und schmerzlos (1998), In July (2000), Solino (2002), and Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul (2005) won numerous awards. A style that was very similar to Baroque was developed by the Seljuk Turks, according to a number of academics. The traditional Turkish national sport has been the Yal gre (Oiled Wrestling) since Ottoman times. However, in informal relations, the social life of its inhabitants remained unaltered. Nusretiye Mosque, Ortaky Mosque, Sultan Mahmud's Tomb, Galata Lodge of the Mevlevi Dervishes, Dolmabahe Palace, Beylerbeyi Palace, Sadullah Pasha Yal and the Kuleli Barracks are the important examples of this style, developed parallel with the Westernization process. The bureaucracies were staffed by graduates of the madrasas, so both the ulama and the bureaucracies were under the influence of esteemed professors at the madrasas. Nezami is considered the greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature. Turkish is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic language family, whereas Persian is an Indo-Iranian language belonging to the Indo-European language family. Aryan M.Divan Okur was selected to the Western Conference All-Star Team for the 2007 NBA All-Star Game, also becoming the first Turkish player to participate in this event. Its palette of blues, greens and white is cool . Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. [9] This was the second time a Turkish film wins the award; first one being Susuz Yaz by Metin Erksan in 1964. It gave a visual image to the literary plot, making it more enjoyable, and easier to understand. In a sense, Iranian Islam is a second advent of Islam itself, a new Islam sometimes referred to as Islam-i Ajam. [34][35] The Turco-Persian Islamic tradition provided the elements they have used to express their shared concerns. [2], The Turco-Persian distinctive Islamic culture flourished for hundreds of years, and then faded under imposed modern European influences. Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan. As the broad cultural region remained politically divided, the sharp antagonisms between empires stimulated appearance of variations of Turco-Persian culture. Farshchian has played a decisive role in introducing Iranian art to the international art scene. The Uyghur Khaganate that succeeded the Turkic Empire was even more closesly associated with Sogdian elements. She is one of the most famous female poets of Iran. Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 20. Especially in the western parts of Turkey, where olive trees are grown abundantly, olive oil is the major type of oil used for cooking. In the sixteenth century several Turko-Persian empires arose: the Ottomans in Asia Minor and south-eastern Europe, Safavids in Persia, and Mughals in India. The two primary streams of Ottoman literature were poetry and prose. Is tantamount, the official language of Iran converted into a domed one the 13th and 14th centuries,! Since Ottoman times a highly ritualized and symbolic art form political fragmentation the! However turkish persian culture in the 14th century, is historically one of the most of. 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